Life and liberty are two words for one meaning in the understanding of man; and so we saw Lebanon shatter its chains, that it might be master and take its right to life. And behold, Lebanon stood embodied in its two halves — man and woman — on the field of struggle, and together they sprang forward to defend its usurped right and to restore its ancient glory. That was the most shining proof, the most eloquent argu-ment, and the truest testimony that man and woman have in fact become equal in rights and in duties, and together acted for the dear homeland — whether the constitution so provides or not. It was a spontaneous, natural stand, created by a sincere patriotism and a blessed sacrifice crowned with success. It was a splendid spectacle before which the world stood, supporting and reverent.

And here we are, celebrating that immortal memory; here the esteemed Lebanese National Congress gathers us today to hallow the memory of that great event, the memory of dignity and independence — may the remem-brance avail, and guide us rightly toward what is for the good of the nation and the sovereignty of the country. It is as though the Lebanese National Congress has seen that patriotism is not reserved to man to the exclusion of woman, but is a natural feeling and a legitimate right belonging equally to the children of the coun-try, without distinction or excep-tion; and so it invited me, as a citizen, to speak the woman's word at this free national celebration — thereby earning woman's appreci-ation and the nation's praise for doing justice to its children.

Honored fellow citizens: woman has a national right, a natural claim, and a legitimate possession in this country; do not make her a stranger in her own home, far from the paths of reform. Consider that she is the daughter of the country and the companion of the struggle, and fit to be the partner in rights as in duties. Are taxes not imposed upon her, and do the laws not extend to her? Is she not, in the eyes of the law, Lebanese? Why, then, is she remembered at

one moment, denied at another, and at times neglected? And what justification permits depriving her of her rights, of the expression of her opinion, and of her share in the service and organization of the country?

There is in the world a blessed movement aiming at reform. Behold the United Nations — Lebanon being one of its members — enacting laws and framing statutes to safeguard the rights of man, directing the nations in a way that guarantees right, liberty, peace, and equality. Committees have been formed for this, and the countries, Lebanon among them, have been represented in that organizing, amending, and changing — all of it aimed at raising mankind to the highest degrees of perfection.

Will Lebanon, then, do its duty at home and deal justly among its children — amending its constitution and setting its affairs in order, keeping pace with the rising nations and abreast of the advanced peoples — and so affirm that woman is a citizen who has toward the homeland the same rights that man has, and owes the same duties?

I do not deny that woman has natural characteristics and household tasks, just as man has his characteristics and his daily occupations. But national rights — or what are called civil and political rights — do not prevent man or woman from carrying on their own particular work; and here we see man exercising his civil rights and going about his personal affairs in complete ease.

I do not say that woman should desert her home, neglect her children, and abandon her duties — for these are among the most sacred of duties and the dearest of them to me. I want only that woman should feel that she is the citizen whose existence is acknowledged, whose rights are protected, whose opinions are respected, who performs her duties — and that she should not live in her own country on the margin of life.

I want her to serve her country with whatever gifts, aptitude, and qualifications she has been granted; I want her to bear responsibilities and their

consequences, and to feel that her being leaves its distinguished mark in the eye of appreciation or of criticism; I want her to occupy a station worthy of her — by competence and aptitude, by merit and desert, by awareness and understanding.

The Lebanese woman, in the nature of things, shares with the Lebanese man nationality, citi-zenship, and history. To deprive her of some of the rights of man is to deprive man of some degrees of progress and perfection, and to make the dear homeland forfeit moral forces of the utmost importance.

Will the sincere advocates of reform, the fair-minded men of the law, and the thinking leaders of opinion, then, do justice to woman as a citizen, making justice their beacon and competence the foundation for building the glory of dear Lebanon?

(Delivered at the celebration of the National Congress)

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