encourages the members in their work.

The scope of this branch has widened to a joining of efforts toward founding a shelter for girls who have no refuge; most of the workers in this society are young women who hold higher diplomas.

The Women's League Society — This society was founded in 1942; its aim is to raise woman's cultural level by means of scientific lectures, literary discussions, and the fight against illiteracy. It has founded six centers for this purpose, and the number of illiterate women enrolled has reached 150, taught by the schoolgirls who belong to the society. This society has suc-ceeded in founding a women's magazine which it has called "The Emancipation of Woman."

The Society for Combating Social Ills — This society was founded in 1937 under the name of the "Society for the Fight Against Intoxicants," but its efforts went beyond that to work in the reformatory schools, inspecting them and submitting reports on them to the government; its name was changed accordingly.

The Friends of Art Society — Iraq has a society that gathers the men and women artists of Iraq; its aim is to raise the level of the arts of painting and sculpture and to strengthen the ties among artists. The Iraqi woman has had an ample share in founding it and in making its exhibitions succeed, through her actual participation in showing her artistic production and in conducting its adminis-trative work.

The Ladies' Committee for Broadcasting Affairs — This committee was formed with the encouragement of the Directorate of Public Publicity in Iraq; its purpose is to gather literary, social, and artistic arti-cles from the educated ladies of Iraq and to broadcast them from the Iraqi wireless broad-casting station in Baghdad. The committee presents to the broadcasting house two lectures and one children's story each week. One of the primary schools, moreover, gives model lessons for children in Arabic,

arithmetic, geography, and other subjects, likewise over the radio.

The Iraqi Women's Union — The Iraqi Women's Union was formed at the wish of Her august Majesty the Queen Mother, who graciously took it under her exalted patronage upon the return of the Iraqi women's delegation from its participation in the Cairo women's congress of December 11, 1945. In accordance with this exalted wish, the members of the said delegation invited the above-mentioned Iraqi women's associations to hold a congress for consultation and for drawing up the Union's constitution.

The Union's purposes are: "to realize the aims of the charitable societies and to strengthen the bonds of cooperation between them and the societies in the

Arab lands and the other lands of the world, and to strive by every lawful means to raise the level of Iraqi society culturally, in health, and socially."

Our Union has joined the General Arab Women's Union, which was formed on August 10, 1945, in the presence of representatives of the Arab countries, and is thereby counted among the founders of the General Arab Women's Union.

Such is the sum of the works of the women's associations in Iraq. But the women's renaissance goes beyond the bounds of schools and associations and extends to all sides of woman's social life. Unveiling, for example, is advancing with steady, rapid steps, now that the government has for a considerable time been holding mixed celebrations.