From the results of the chemical analysis of cigarette smoke one may infer the presence of substances that have particular effects on the body: nicotine, tarry substances, and protein substances. These effects may be divided into: First — local effects. Second — general effects.

The local effects rest on the heat of the smoke in the mouth and on the presence of tarry substances in the smoke. Some researchers in this field believe these substances to be a cause of the disease of cancer. 'Roffo' succeeded in producing cancer in the lungs of rabbits after administering these substances to them; he believes, further, that there is a great connection between the wide prevalence of cancer of the mouth and lungs and the wide prevalence of the habit of smoking. 'Carlson' believes that smoking may lead to cancer of the mouth. 'Crimpton' holds that smoking causes a chronic inflammation of the throat, which may explain the frequency of colds among smokers and the frequency of inflammations of the eye sockets among them.

As for the general effects, they rest on the action of nicotine in the body, and likewise on the existence of persons who are affected by the protein substances present in the smoke. 'Silbert' found a strong connection between smoking and 'Buerger's' disease, which may lead to the amputation of the legs owing to the blocking of the blood vessels. He observed a hundred of these patients, and behold, they were all

smokers; and behold, they all recov-ered once they stopped smoking.

'Salzberger' found that these patients are affected by the protein substances in the smoke. He found skin sensitivity to these protein substances in 78 percent of Buerger patients, as against 36 percent of healthy smokers and 16 percent of nonsmokers. The remaining general effects depend on nicotine — or rather on how much of this substance the body absorbs, for that depends on many factors, among them:

First — 'Inhaling the smoke and the speed of smoking.' 'Bedter' believes that 93 percent of the nicotine is absorbed by the bodies of persons who inhale the smoke, as against 6 percent in persons who do not inhale it. 'Bram' found that smoking one cigarette in five minutes instead of ten increases the quantity of nicotine absorbed tenfold.

Second — 'The number of ciga-rettes and their length.' This last researcher found that each cigarette carries from two- to three-tenths of a milligram of nicotine. The greater the number of cigarettes smoked, the greater the quantity of nicotine the body absorbs. And in the last third of the cigarette there is 16 percent more nicotine than in the first two-thirds.

Third — 'The kind of cigarette and the presence of a filter in it.' The quantity of nicotine present in ordinary cigarettes is 2 percent, as against 1 percent in cigarettes whose nicotine has been reduced.

Likewise, the presence of a filter in the cigarette may help to prevent the passage of much of the nicotine and of the tarry substances.

And here are the general effects on the body arising from nicotine:

First — 'Smoking and eyesight.' Eye doctors agree that weakness of sight and hardening of the capillary vessels are at times brought about by the habit of smoking.

Second — 'Smoking and the diges-tive system.' 'Carlson' attributes loss of appetite to smoke. 'Short' found a great increase in the acidity of the stomach, and most physicians believe that smoking is a cause of ulcer of the stomach. Some researchers, however, do not hold this view, for they found no direct connection between smoking and the increase of pain in patients suffering from perforating ulcer.

Third — 'Smoking and the respira-tory system.' 'Morton' believes that pulmonary inflammations occurred more frequently after internal surgical operations in persons who smoked ten cigarettes or more. 'Schwartz' reviewed the relation of smoking to tuberculosis, putting his questions to fifty directors of the well-known sanatoria in

America. And behold, only one of them saw no harm in smoking, while eight saw every harm in smoking and had forbidden it to their patients absolutely. The remaining majority, however, allowed their patients to