neighbors' balcony. The mother was shouting at her young son: "You are obliged! I raised you and educated you and spent vast sums upon you!" And the young man answered her bitterly: "And why did you bring me into the world — to hear this from you?"

— Scenes like these are common in our country, and in every country still in its primitive stage of civilization... And in this situation I incline to side with the young man. Since his mother is the cause of his existence and his being, his upbringing devolved upon her and upon his father as a binding duty, admitting no dispute and requiring no reward. Is a man rewarded for doing his duty? But the mother, when she raises her children well, has in the good result the best recompense for her toils...

— I fear there may be some extremism in this opinion of yours, with all my respect for the educational theory that calls for it. For the temperament of the Westerners is not our tempera-ment: we live by our feelings and they live by their minds, and so they find no difficulty in the son's parting from his mother, so that she no longer sees his face except on formal occasions, and spends the cold days of her old age alone, preferring to spend them in homes for the aged rather than fetter the liberty of her son and his wife and weigh upon her by living with her.

— But the situation here in our country is different from what it is in the West. Here none take refuge in the homes for the aged but the solitary who have no children, and whose condition of hardship amounts to destitution. Yet the truth is that these homes, when the means of comfort are provided in them, prepare for the aged, in their last days, tranquil-ity and diversion, among people joined to them by firm bonds.

— This aspect — I mean the aspect of social security — is of very great importance, and it is still, unfortunately, neglected and

poor in our country, while the advanced nations, like Sweden and Norway, give it great importance and allot it vast sums, to assure the aged comfort in the last years of their lives, that they may settle into peace and rest, without a single cloud of vexation to trouble their sky...

— I am glad you have mentioned "social security," for this subject, which in most advanced nations claims a seat in the ministry of state, and to which vast sums are allotted, as you said, has a firm connection with this subject of ours. The mother's attachment to her son is not merely a matter of feeling; the greater part of it is material. It is need that binds the mother to her son with this complicated bond; so when the mother is assured on this side, she will prefer independence, and

it will come easily to her to give up the rights she counts as her property — I mean her monopoly of her son.

— I understand from your words that what you meant is that the government can, in an indirect way, contribute to solving the problem of the old quarrel between the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law, by securing social security and putting it into effect, after the example of the advanced nations. Have I understood correctly?

— That is exactly what I meant, Miss. When the govern-ment assures the aged, women and men alike, a fixed income sufficient for the necessities of life and shielding them from the humiliation of begging, it will have helped greatly toward creating understanding.

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