Most psychologists who special-ize in the psychology of the child consider tenderness and love among the most important of the child's psychological-emo-tional needs.

Modern science has proved that there is no scientific or practical value in the loud outcries raised by the psychologist Watson around 1928, when he pro-claimed his theory warning moth-ers and fathers against exposing their children to love and tender-ness — whereby, supposedly, the child would be able to grow up normally, equipped with a capac-ity for self-reliance and with the good habits that would help him in his future independent life. This mistaken theory has been followed by many people, in old times and new, who boast that they pay no heed to the upbring-ing of their children but leave them to the will of nature and the whims of servants. I observed this method of upbringing when I carried out scientific studies in certain Beirut households, most of which were following this plan — which accords with Watson's theory — though ignorant of it.

Modern psychology, drawn from deep studies, proves how far Watson's theory stands from actual truth. Scientists unani-mously establish that from the moment of his birth the child is in urgent need of the element of love and tenderness.

There are several ways of conveying the element of love and tenderness to the child: kissing,

cradling, hugging, smiling, and lulling; and by this sole language which the child understands in the first days and months of his life, we can prove to him that there is someone who loves him and cares for him. This necessary bond between mother and child in itself supports and completes their being a psychological unit after his bodily separation from her. From the sense of the psychological unity of mother and child, and the experiences and feelings that flow from it, he acquires reassurance in this world so strange to him,

and there begin the feeling of peace of mind, inner stability, and confidence in himself — the active elements in the building of a personality able to bear hard-ships and to ward off nervous and mental illnesses in the future. Freud has said: many of the causes of mental illness go back to the stage of childhood.

It is the duty of every mother to acquaint herself with these the-ories which science has proved. And I regard it as my duty, in the coming issue, to treat this subject at greater length.

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