guide them or trouble over their direction. Where are their mothers, you say? They are at the labor to which a life of poverty and desti-tution compels them, with never a look at what may befall these living creatures, sprung from them and from the very core of their being.

The woman of the countryside works, and I honor her efforts: she prepares all the needs of her family, food and all the rest, and the hardness of her means of working is no secret, for she lacks every convenience her sister in the city enjoys. Then she accompanies her husband to his work and struggles beside him on one and the same ground — all this over and above the hardship of bearing children.

Necessity drives her to toil; but does she grasp that her children need her more than the work of the hour does? And how is she to reconcile the two claims, when both are pressing necessities?...

Then there is the problem of illiteracy — no stranger to our understanding. For though the Lebanese village is counted more advanced than others, we find that most villages all but lack even the primary school — above all for girls. Is it not time we understood the necessity of educating the girl? And where the school does exist — for all its want of what is needed to make a true atmosphere of learning — most parents take no interest in the schooling of their children, and prefer that the child do petty services, at home or outside it, rather than go to sip the elixir of learning. Is it not just that we demand, for these fathers and mothers, a law compelling them to send their children to school, if only through the primary stage?... And what can come of children left to stray? A generation reared in the alleys is a danger to its society. Can our humanity be content with such a life for our own flesh and blood? Shall we leave them to wallow in the dust, and to scatter it over themselves and their eyes as a veil that shuts from them the light of

truth and knowledge??...

A great educator was once asked: "At what age does the training of a child rightly begin? In youth — that is, at twenty?" He answered: "No — before that." The questioner returned: "In childhood, then?" And the educator signed no — earlier still. And when his questioner marveled, he reassured him, saying: "Education exists before birth; and by that I mean the education of the mother, that she may be able to bring up a sound and knowing generation."

However far the educator carried his example, he is very near the truth of upbringing. The school to which we send our children instills precious learning into their minds and understandings; but there is one that comes before it in laying the foundation of the building — and that is the home. How shall a build-ing be expected to stand against thunderbolts and the elements, if its foundation is shaken? Or rotten??

It is time we took in these bleeding truths, so long as we vie with the civilized countries and run at full stride in the race-course of civilization!

In the United States there exist institutions which teachers and par-ents join together to study the prob-lems of teaching and upbringing, so that parents become acquainted with the methods followed in the educa-tion of their children. When shall we have the like of these institutions — with parents concerned in how their children grow, no longer leaving them to the school, which cannot shoulder more than the responsibil-ity laid upon it after the home!...

These are fundamental matters, which every one of us feels, and comprehends if he reflects in earnest. Lebanon takes pride in its villages and wants them to rise together with its cities, that it may soar high in the sky of civilization — and how shall that be, if its two wings are not equal?

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