examines in the light of the solutions laid down of old to check it: leaving the matter to the natural factors that hold human numbers in check; relying on man's unlimited productive powers; or distributing people and resources in one form or another. He con-cludes that all these are temporary solutions which have not stood the test of experience and the advance of science and industry. He then takes up new solutions, forming them into a pyramid whose three faces are the mastering of the natural factors, the multiplication of agricultural and industrial production, and the distribution of people and resources, and whose base is birth control, within which lies the standard of human life that mankind must attain. And just as the building of a pyramid can begin only from its base, so the human pyramid cannot be built except by beginning with birth control, which is a twin born together with this just distribution of the world among men, and of men over the world. After studying the history of this regulation in countries that have outstripped us by whole stages in civilization — such as England, northern Europe, and America — he arrives at the examination of the question in the Arab homeland in the light of the possibility of building the world pyramid. He sees how diseases, “chief of the natural factors, with their soldiery, wreak fearful havoc in the structure of this homeland, raising the death rate to more than twenty-one per thousand yearly and not permitting the average Arab lifespan to exceed thirty-five years, spent in sickness and misery and ended before a man has served others or profited himself.”

He holds that the only way to overcome disease lies in the nation-alization of medicine, and for this nationalization to become possible the birth rate must fall, “for there is no state in the world whose resources could secure medical care for its inhabitants if they went on increasing at a steady rate matching the increase of births in this Arab homeland.”

He then takes up the second face of the pyramid, the increase of agri-cultural and industrial production, saying that it is a disgrace to the inhabitants of the Arab homeland that the waters of the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Jordan, the Yarmouk, and others are not put to use in bringing millions of feddans to life, and that if sleeves were rolled up in earnest and these possibilities employed, the hopes would be realized and the needs of the inhabitants met — “on condi-tion that these do not increase at the present speed, which outstrips by whole stages any speed in the growth of production.”

As for the industrial renaissance

— which the Doctor has called “the spinal column of the Arab homeland,” because of its natural resources of oils and minerals — it can be attained, especially now that “experience has proved that any backward country, if it mobilizes its human forces and exploits its natural resources, can reach the level of the civilized countries within a generation of time” — on condition that the growth of population slow down somewhat, so that the agricultural and industrial renaissance may be given the chance to grow and gather strength.

As for the distribution of people and resources, the author passes

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