heap compliments on him, to raise his morale and encourage him.

And this is the American mother's opinion: I cannot give a categorical answer, because a mother must use her head in every situation. Sometimes I am obliged to reprove and rebuke the child the moment the fault occurs, because if he is small and I put off scolding him until after we return home, it is only natural that the child will have forgotten everything that happened. And sometimes the child does not notice that what he did was wrong; very often he behaves badly not with the intent to offend, but because he does not know what the ideal way to behave is.

The French mother said: No, of course I would not scold my child in front of people, because if I did not overlook some of the faults my child commits — faults to which nothing but his age drives him — I should be doing him an injustice. The child who does what he wants learns from his mistake. As for me, all I have to do is instruct him in good form and etiquette before we leave the house; and if he forgets, society will rebuke and reprove him before I do, in that he feels ashamed of himself and takes in the consequences, fixed in his mind more firmly than a thousand words and scoldings. Nor will I wound his feelings — but firmness is always my weapon.

A refined Lebanese mother said: If we come to examine the principles of upbringing, rebuking children in front of people has many evils, of which I will mention these. First: if a child grows used to having his feelings wounded and being rebuked in front of people, he loses his sense of shame, and impudence and hardness are born in him. Second: while the child is small he may accept the rebuke in good spirit, but when he grows older it

breeds in him hatred of his parents, and he grows used to lying in order to avoid embarrassment before people. And a third reason forbids me to rebuke or scold my child before people, especially on my receiving days: my rebuking him might create a murky, troubled atmosphere — and my guests have a claim on me which I must safeguard. As for praise and compliments, I ought not to forget to mention every good deed he does, at home and outside; I state it without adding anything to it, so that his desire for good deeds may grow.

So said the ladies whom I canvassed on the subject. As for my companion, she apologized to me on behalf of her two children for having broken the vase; then she took them aside and addressed them in a voice so low that I would hardly have heard it, but for my pressing interest in the matter. She said, in a firm, resolute tone: "Do you want, my dears, the lady

of the house to say that you do not know how to behave and cannot appreciate the value of precious things? And would you like someone to break the beautiful vase in which you put the flowers from the garden? All you have to do now is to go and apologize to the lady, and promise her that you will save out of your pocket money until you can present her with a beautiful vase like the one that was broken." And so the two children did — though I, of course, did not accept her proposal, especially since their conduct showed the finest manners, deep feeling, and a regard for my position. For despite their tender age they grasped the value of the thing that was lost on their account, and they understood that they had behaved badly — and that is enough to keep them from doing such a thing again.

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