battle rages offstage, and the sol-diers, with one of the surgeons, stand upon a rampart reporting its turns. Gunfire is heard, and the din of soldiers running here and there; the Germans are beaten and fall back on their heels. Don Alvaro, who took part in the battle, is carried in on a stretcher, mortally wounded. He is left alone with his new friend Don Carlo. Don Alvaro asks Don Carlo to swear to destroy a letter he carries without looking at its contents, and he does so.

But Don Carlo comes to sus-pect Don Alvaro's true identity because of a phrase the latter let fall. When the wounded man is carried away, Don Carlo finds it hard to hold to his oath and not break the letter open. What is more, he sets to rummaging among Don Alvaro's effects and comes upon a small portrait of his sister Leonora. His suspicions are confirmed, and he knows that this young man is the very Don Alvaro who killed his father, the Marquis of Calatrava. At that moment the surgeon returns, saying the wounded man will recover. Don Carlo knows that vengeance is now within his grasp, and in the flush of his passion he sings a song in which he says: "Ah, he lives!"

Scene Two: the camp at Velletri.

The colored tents are scattered here and there, stocked with drink. The time is near dawn. Don Alvaro enters and is met by Don Carlo, who asks him whether he has wholly recovered from his wounds. Don Alvaro assures him that he is quite well, but is astonished when Don Carlo asks whether he is in a condition to meet him in single combat. He accuses him of having read the letter he had promised to destroy without opening. Don Carlo denies it, saying that the portrait of his sister Leonora, which he

found among his papers, laid the truth bare before him. And he has sworn vengeance. But Don Alvaro reminds him that the two of them pledged a friendship whose bonds he is loath to sever. Don Carlo tells him he has learned that his sister Leonora did not die, but is living with certain kin and relations. Each draws his sword — Don Carlo with intent to attack, Don Alvaro with all deliberation — but some soldiers rush onto the stage and prevent the duel from taking place.

Everyone in the camp awakes... life stirs through it... the gypsy

women, the vendors, and every-one coming and going here and there among the soldiers.

Act Three

Scene One: the courtyard of the monastery of Our Lady.

Brother Melitone is ladling out soup to a company of beggars with disgust and clumsiness, and his disgust grows as the number of beggars

crowding around him

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